About four weeks ago I finished my article "Umwelt and language", which is to appear this autumn in a special issue of the Swiss journal
Cahiers de l'ILSL [l'Institut de Linguistique et des Sciences du Langage] on biosemiotic perspectives on language guest-edited by Ekaterina Velmezova, Stephen Cowley and Kalevi Kull.
Contents:
1. Introduction
2. 'I language, therefore I model'
2.1 Uexküll and language
2.2 Is language external or internal to the Umwelt?
2.3 The tripartite Umwelt model
3. Languaging as perception, action and self-deception
3.1 Languaging is more-than-linguistic
3.2 Language and self-deception: The anthropocentric mistake
3.3 In search of the dark matter of our enlightened worlds
4. The genesis and modalities of language
4.1 Origin and evolution of language
4.2 Acquisition of language in childhood
4.3 The various linguistic modalities of the human Umwelt
5. Beyond the anthropocentric mistake: Languaging as if nature mattered
Abstract
It is often
asserted that the existence of human language sets us apart from non-humans,
and makes us incomparably special. And indeed human language does make our
Umwelt (Uexküll), our lifeworld, uniquely open-ended. However, by committing
what I term the anthropocentric mistake, i.e. falsely assuming that all
true reality is linguistic, we close in on ourselves and our language-derived
practices, and as a result we lose sight of much that truly matters (including
a proper understanding of our human nature). Like Sebeok and Hoffmeyer I hold
that language is a modeling system, but unlike them I argue that language is
not external to the Umwelt, but internal to it. Language changes the human
Umwelt not by escaping or sidelining it, but by fundamentally transforming it.
In consequence supra-linguistic phenomena as well are modeled as internal to
the human Umwelt. The Umwelt model presented is termed the tripartite Umwelt
model, and includes three aspects of Umwelt: The core Umwelt, the mediated
Umwelt and the conceptual Umwelt. Linguistic practices are placed
within the latter, but it is furthermore claimed that a number of animals too
have conceptual Umwelten, which is said to be characterized by predicative
reasoning, the attribution of specific features to someone or something. The
activity of languaging is presented as more-than-linguistic, with reference to
the distributed language perspective. Given all the dark matter underpinning
and surrounding verbal practices, a foray into the hinterland of language is
called for. A section on the genesis and modalities of language addresses the
origin and evolution of language, acquisition of language in childhood and a
simple typology of the various linguistic modalities of the human Umwelt. The
concluding section treats Puura’s notion of semiocide, and the question:
How can we language as if nature mattered?
Keywords: the anthropocentric mistake, dark
cognitive matter, dark cultural matter, distributed language, first-order
languaging, genesis of language, perception, semiocide, Umwelt theory
